Nasal Route of Drug Delivery

The ADME Encyclopedia

Springer

Año: 2022; p. 1 - 10

Nasal drug delivery has traditionally been used forthe administration of drugs (e.g., saline solutions,decongestants, corticosteroids, or antihistamines)to produce local effects, as in the case of allergicrhinitis and nasal congestion [1]. This is a primaryoption for drug delivery, because it allows rapidsymptom relief with a more favorable adverseeventprofile than either the oral or parenteralroutes [2]. In addition, interest in the nasal routehas increased in recent years due to its ability toproduce systemic effects. As the nasal route presentsa relatively large surface area available forabsorption, with a rapid onset of therapeuticaction, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, andnoninvasiveness of application of the active substance,it is associated with better patient comfortand compliance [1]. This route also permits directpathways to the central nervous system, whichbypasses the blood?brain barrier, thereby reducingsystemic exposure and, consequently, systemicside effects [3]. An improved scientificand technological knowledge has allowed thedevelopment of new promising alternatives forthe systemic delivery by the nasal route of numerousdrugs, therapies, and vaccines for a variety ofdiseases [4].