Expression Profiling during Arabidopsis/Downy Mildew Interaction Reveals a Highly-Expressed Effector That Attenuates Responses to Salicylic Acid

SHUTA ASAI; GANASHYAM RALLAPALLI; SOPHIE J. M. PIQUEREZ; MARIE-CECILE CAILLAUD; OLIVER J FURZER; NAVEED ISHAQUE; LENNART WIRTHMUELLER; GEORGINA FABRO; KEN SHIRASU; JONATHAN D. G. JONES

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

Lugar: San Francisco; Año: 2014 vol. 10

lants have evolved strong innate immunity mechanisms, but successful pathogens evade or suppress plant immunity via effectors delivered into the plant cell. Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) causes downy mildew on Arabidopsis thaliana, and a genome sequence is available for isolate Emoy2. Here, we exploit the availability of genome sequences for Hpa and Arabidopsis to measure gene-expression changes in both Hpa and Arabidopsis simultaneously during infection. Using a high-throughput cDNA tag sequencing method, we reveal expression patterns of Hpa predicted effectors and Arabidopsis genes in compatible and incompatible interactions, and promoter elements associated with Hpa genes expressed during infection. By resequencing Hpa isolate Waco9, we found it evades Arabidopsis resistance gene RPP1 through deletion of the cognate recognized effector ATR1. Arabidopsis salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes including PR1 were activated not only at early time points in the incompatible interac