Biological drug therapy for ocular angiogenesis: Anti‐VEGF agents and novel strategies based on nanotechnology

FORMICA, MARÍA L.; AWDE ALFONSO, HAMOUDI G.; PALMA, SANTIAGO D.

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives

John Wiley & Sons

Año: 2021 vol. 9 p. 1 - 1

2052-1707

urrently, biological drug therapy for ocular angiogenesis treatment is based on the administration of anti- VEGF agents via intravitreal route. The molecules approved with this purpose for ocular use include pegaptanib, ranibizumab, and aflibercept, whereas bevacizumab is commonly off- label used in the clinical practice. The schedule dosage involves repeated intravitreal injections of anti- VEGF agents to achieve and maintain effective concentrations in retina and choroids, which are administrated as solutions form. In this review article, we describe the features of different anti- VEGF agents, major challenges for their ocular delivery and the nanoparticles in development as delivery system of them. In this way, several polymeric and lipid nanoparticles are explored to load anti- VEGF agents with the aim of achieving sustained drug release and thus, minimize the number of intravitreal injections required. The main challenges were focused in the loading the molecules that maintain t