This article studies the production of biodiesel, the most important biofuel in Argentina, in terms of production. It presents two theoretical models with an empirical application that explain, using instruments of Economic Theory, the relation between the quantities of resources and the production of food or energy obtained. The first model includes variables related strictly to production techniques, while the second incorporates relative prices. This discussion indicates that the high efficiency technology increases energy production at a higher magnitude compared to other less efficient, given a decrease in the amount of land applied to food production. If technological progress favors the production of raw materials and the conversion of grains into energy, it is possible to achieve simultaneously increasing levels of food and energy, moving towards a path of expansion of energy.
