MONCARZ PEDRO ESTEBAN
Congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Argentina's integration into global value chains: a sectoral and product analysis, and an attempt at regionalization
Autor/es:
MONCARZ, PEDRO ESTEBAN; GRIÓN, NESTOR CLEVER; JALILE, ILEANA RAQUEL
Reunión:
Congreso; 13th (Virtual) World Congress of the Regional Science Association International; 2021
Institución organizadora:
Moroccan Section of the RSAI
Resumen:
The aim is to identify sectors and products with potential for participation in value chains on a regional scale (South America) and in dynamic global markets. The type of integrations is that of importing goods as inputs and exporting them with a certain level of additional processing. In other words, an input is purchased from the region or the rest of the world and exported to the region or the rest of the world for final consumption or to continue the productive transformation process.
The identification of sectors with potential for participation in regional and global value chains was carried out using the information provided in the South American Input-Output Matrix (MIPS). Three types of indicators were constructed, each of which captures different ways of viewing the phenomenon under study: domestic intersectoral linkages, vertical integration with the international economy, and the degree of proximity to final demand. The selected sectors have high import contents, are generally far from the final demand, and have an important regional integration. Within the selected sectors, 90 products were identified. The main destination markets for these products depend on the type of good, although there is a clear presence of Brazil and other South American markets (although to a lesser extent) in all the selected sectors. For each of the selected products, the main inputs were analysed using information from the temporary admission import regime, which allows linking inputs with products at an appropriate level of disaggregation. In general, the linkages refer to inputs that originate in countries outside the South American region, on which there is a high level of industrial transformation and which are then exported to countries in the region.
To complement the analysis, tariff and non-tariff barriers were considered to detect concrete possibilities and barriers to achieve productive linkages, especially in the case of trade with countries with which there are no trade agreements. For inputs where opportunities for regionalization were identified, Argentina already has a preferential tariff rate equal to zero for most of these products with its regional partners. In the case of inputs with low regional supply, most products have preferential rates equal to zero for partners in the region, but for extra-regional suppliers, there are no preferential agreements and the rate applied corresponds to that of Most Favored Nation.
With reference to the analysis from a regional perspective, using a provincial input-output model, we evaluated the regional impacts of an increase in exports in the eight selected sectors with the potential to join global value chains. These impacts differ according to the destination country considered (given the characteristics of the exported goods and existing trade links). The results show that for almost all the selected sectors, the region that benefits the most is the Pampean region, mostly through an increase in exports. In the second place, it appears CABA, which, in contrast to the Pampean region, benefits indirectly through an increase of sales to other regions inside Argentina.
The identification of sectors with potential for participation in regional and global value chains was carried out using the information provided in the South American Input-Output Matrix (MIPS). Three types of indicators were constructed, each of which captures different ways of viewing the phenomenon under study: domestic intersectoral linkages, vertical integration with the international economy, and the degree of proximity to final demand. The selected sectors have high import contents, are generally far from the final demand, and have an important regional integration. Within the selected sectors, 90 products were identified. The main destination markets for these products depend on the type of good, although there is a clear presence of Brazil and other South American markets (although to a lesser extent) in all the selected sectors. For each of the selected products, the main inputs were analysed using information from the temporary admission import regime, which allows linking inputs with products at an appropriate level of disaggregation. In general, the linkages refer to inputs that originate in countries outside the South American region, on which there is a high level of industrial transformation and which are then exported to countries in the region.
To complement the analysis, tariff and non-tariff barriers were considered to detect concrete possibilities and barriers to achieve productive linkages, especially in the case of trade with countries with which there are no trade agreements. For inputs where opportunities for regionalization were identified, Argentina already has a preferential tariff rate equal to zero for most of these products with its regional partners. In the case of inputs with low regional supply, most products have preferential rates equal to zero for partners in the region, but for extra-regional suppliers, there are no preferential agreements and the rate applied corresponds to that of Most Favored Nation.
With reference to the analysis from a regional perspective, using a provincial input-output model, we evaluated the regional impacts of an increase in exports in the eight selected sectors with the potential to join global value chains. These impacts differ according to the destination country considered (given the characteristics of the exported goods and existing trade links). The results show that for almost all the selected sectors, the region that benefits the most is the Pampean region, mostly through an increase in exports. In the second place, it appears CABA, which, in contrast to the Pampean region, benefits indirectly through an increase of sales to other regions inside Argentina.
