August 28, 2002; 10.1152/ajpcell.00160.2002.?The integration

of innate and adaptive immune responses is required for

efficient control of Candida albicans. The present work

aimed to assess, at the local site of the infection, the immunocompetence

aimed to assess, at the local site of the infection, the immunocompetence

of macrophages in rats infected intraperitoneally

with C. albicans and exposed simultaneously to stress

during 3 days (CaS group). We studied the 1) ability to

remove and kill C. albicans, 2) tumor necrosis factor-

during 3 days (CaS group). We studied the 1) ability to

remove and kill C. albicans, 2) tumor necrosis factor-

remove and kill C. albicans, 2) tumor necrosis factor-

(TNF-) release, 3) balance of the inducible enzymes NO

synthase (iNOS) and arginase, and 4) expression of interleukin

(IL)-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) mRNA. Compared

with only infected animals (Ca group), the number of

synthase (iNOS) and arginase, and 4) expression of interleukin

(IL)-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) mRNA. Compared

with only infected animals (Ca group), the number of

(IL)-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) mRNA. Compared

with only infected animals (Ca group), the number of

with only infected animals (Ca group), the number of

colony-forming units was significantly higher in CaS rats

(P 0.01), and the macrophage candidicidal activity was

2.5-fold lower (P 0.01). Release of TNF- was diminished

in both unstimulated and heat-killed C. albicans restimulated

macrophages of the CaS group (Ca vs. CaS, P 0.03

and P 0.05, respectively). In Ca- and CaS-group rats, the

rates for both the arginase activity and the NO synthesis

in both unstimulated and heat-killed C. albicans restimulated

macrophages of the CaS group (Ca vs. CaS, P 0.03

and P 0.05, respectively). In Ca- and CaS-group rats, the

rates for both the arginase activity and the NO synthesis

macrophages of the CaS group (Ca vs. CaS, P 0.03

and P 0.05, respectively). In Ca- and CaS-group rats, the

rates for both the arginase activity and the NO synthesis

and P 0.05, respectively). In Ca- and CaS-group rats, the

rates for both the arginase activity and the NO synthesis

rates for both the arginase activity and the NO synthesis

were significantly enhanced. However, the stress exposure

downregulated the activity of both enzymes (CaS vs. Ca, P

0.05). After in vitro restimulation, the IL-1ra/IL-1 ratio was

significantly diminished in CaS-group rats (P 0.05). Our

results indicate that a correlation exists between early impairment

significantly diminished in CaS-group rats (P 0.05). Our

results indicate that a correlation exists between early impairment

results indicate that a correlation exists between early impairment

of macrophage function and stress exposure